APA Reference and Citation Style Help

 

Publication year followed by comma and one space and month or season if any.  ( ) followed by period and 1 space.
 
Reference Style – For your Reference/Bibliography or for an article review

Title of article followed by period and 1 space.  Only first word, proper nouns, or words following punctuation are capitalized.  ALL OTHERS are lower case.
 
 

 

 


Periodical (Journal, Magazine)

 


1 author 

Frair, K. K. (1999, November).  Changing voices, changing times.  Music Educators

 


Page numbers notice that sequential numbers are separated by a hyphen and non-sequential numbers by a comma followed by a period.
 

Publication name in italics  followed by comma and 1 space.
 
Journal, 86(3), 26-27, 29.

Volume in italics followed by no space and (issue number – no italics) followed by comma and one space.
 

Author’s Last Name, First Initial, Second Initial.  1 space between comma and first initial and  1 space following period after last initial.
 

Double Spaced, 12 point font, one-half inch handing indent (5-7 spaces).
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Note:  If the title of the article has a colon, follow this example.

 

Haroutounian, J. (1995).Talent identification and development in the arts: An

artistic/educational dialogue. Roeper Review, 18(2), 112-117.

2 or more authors

 

LeBlanc, A., Jin, Y. C., Obert, M., & Siivola, C. (1997). Effect of audience on music

 

Each author with last name first followed by first and middle initial with periods and one space between.  Comma with one space separating each author with comma and “&” before last author.
 
performance anxiety. Journal of Research in Music Education, 45(3), 480-496. 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Book or other non-periodical

 

Saxe, G. B. (1991). Cultural and cognitive development: Studies in mathematical

City and state/country of publisher. Separated by comma and one space and followed by a colon and one space.  If it New York, City only put New York and not the state
 

Author and publication date

same as above.
 
understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum.

 

 

 

 

Chapter in a book

 

Baker, F. M., & Lightfood, O. B. (1993). Psychiatric care of ethnic elders.  In A. C.

Editor of book – first initial, period-space, second initial, period –space, last name (Ed.) followed by comma and space.
 
 


Title of book – italics
 
Gaw (Ed.), Culture, ethnicity, and mental illness (pp. 512-552). Washington, DC:

Pages of the chapter being

referenced.
 
 


American Psychiatric Press.

 

Magazines   

 

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Beyond the melting pot. Time, 135, 28-31. 

 

 


Newspapers

 

Schwartz, J.  (1993, September 30).  Obesity affects economic, social status.  The

           

            Washington Post, pp. A1, A4

Section and pages
 
 

 

 

 



Electronic References

 

Electronic Databases 

If you are referencing version of an actual full-text journal article found on an electronic database, use this format. 

 

Feldhusen, J. F., Dai, D. Y., & Clinkenbeard, P. R. (2000). Dimensions of competitive 

and cooperative learning among gifted learners.  Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 23, 328-342. [Electronic version]. Retrieved March 4, 2001, from Wilson Web database.

On-line Versions

If you are referencing an on-line version of an actual article from a journal, magazine, or other publication that you found on a web, use this format.

 

Bridges, W., & Mitchell, S.  (2000). Leading transition: A new model for change

No period!!
 
Leader to Leader, 16. [Electronic version].  Retrieved August 8, 2001, from http://www.pfdf.org/leaderbooks/ l2l/spring2000/bridges.html

 

ERIC document –

Mead, J. V.  (1992). Looking at old photographs: Investigating the teacher tales that        novice teachers bring with them (Report No. NCRTL-RR-92-4). East Lansing,    MI: National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document         Reproduction Service   No. ED346082)

These are the BASICS.  You should all have a copy of the following publication:

Publications manual of the American psychological association.  (5th ed.) (2001).  Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

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ALL APA papers should be in 12 point font with 1 inch margins on right, left, top, and bottom unless otherwise stated by the instructor or publishing organization.

You can access information about APA style from www.apa.org

There are two pieces of software that are helpful

APA Style Helper

 http://www.apastyle.org/stylehelper/

Format Ease

http://www.formatease.com/

Within a document

 

If you are citing a reference in your paper, you would do it in the following manner”

 

One author –

            Jones (1999) stated that “music is the eye of the soul” (p. 34)

            OR

            “Music is the eye of the soul” (Jones, 1999, p.34).

 

Two or more authors –

            According to Brown and Jones (1999), the general education classroom teacher is        often the first person to realize that a student needs special education services.

            OR

            The general education classroom teacher is often the first person to realize that a            student needs special education services (Brown & Jones, 1999)

 

You MUST ALWAYS put a page number if you use a direct quo